Learning path · 7 steps
Who owns a company, and what the filings disclose
Promoters, institutions and the public: how ownership is reported each quarter, what a pledge is, and where related-party deals and audit notes sit.
Reviewed by Cityfort Research on , 16 min in all
- 1
Know the trap · 3 min
How to read a shareholding pattern: promoters and public
The quarterly filing every ownership number on Cityfort comes from.
- 2
Term explained · 1 min
Promoter holding
The founders' or parent's stake: the first line of the pattern.
- 3
Know the trap · 4 min
What is promoter pledging? Pledged shares in Indian filings
Shares promoters have offered as security for loans, shown in their own column.
- 4
Term explained · 1 min
FII and DII holding
How much foreign and Indian institutions hold, and how it is split.
- 5
Term explained · 1 min
Public shareholding
Who counts as public under the rules, the 25% minimum, and why Cityfort's Public column is smaller.
- 6
Know the trap · 3 min
Related-party transactions: approvals and where to find them
Deals between the company and its owners or their firms, and who approves them.
- 7
Know the trap · 3 min
Audit qualifications, emphasis of matter and resignations
Where the auditor flags a concern about the accounts, and what a resignation filing says.
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Cityfort publishes educational content that explains how listed companies work. Cityfort is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as an Investment Adviser or Research Analyst and does not provide investment advice, recommendations, ratings, price targets or any opinion on whether to buy, sell or hold any security.
All information is taken from publicly available sources, mainly company filings on BSE and NSE, which are listed on each page with dates. We work to keep it accurate and correct errors publicly, but we do not guarantee that it is complete, accurate or up to date. Any market price or price-based ratio shown is dated, may be out of date by the time you read it, and is included only to explain concepts.
Statements by company management are reported as statements, with their date and source; they are not our forecasts.