Telecommunication · NSE: BHARTIARTL · BSE: 532454
Bharti Airtel: how the business works
Bharti Airtel sells mobile, broadband and TV services to 482.4 million customers in India and 183.5 million in Africa, with revenue of ₹210,973 crore in FY26.
Bharti Airtel Limited · Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 1995
Last updated · Reviewed by Cityfort Research on
- Revenue, FY26
- ₹210,973 cr
- Profit to Airtel shareholders, FY26
- ₹26,695 cr
- Customers in India, 30 Jun 2026
- 491.9 million
- Incorporated
- 1995
- Promoter holding, Sep 2026
- 50.07%
01 · The business in one line
What does Bharti Airtel do?
Phone and internet users pay Airtel for calls and data; the biggest cost is wear and tear on its network and spectrum, and ₹12.5 of every ₹100 is profit for its shareholders.
- In FY26 mobile services in India brought in 52.3% of revenue and Africa 26.7%. Business connectivity, tower rent, home broadband and TV made up the rest.
- Of every ₹100 that came in during FY26, ₹24.7 covered depreciation and amortisation, ₹21.2 network and access costs, and ₹7.2 government licence and spectrum fees.
02 · What it sells
What does Bharti Airtel sell?
Mobile services, India
Prepaid and postpaid plans for calls and data. 376.5 million mobile customers at 30 Jun 2026, paying an average of ₹264 a month (ARPU, average revenue per user).
Mobile services, Africa (Airtel Africa)
Mobile plans and Airtel Money, a phone-based payments service, in 14 African countries. 189.0 million customers at 30 Jun 2026.
Airtel Business
Connectivity sold to companies rather than households. Its postpaid base, including machine-to-machine (IoT) SIMs, was 112.77 million at 30 Jun 2026.
Homes (broadband)
Home internet over fibre, and over the mobile network to a box at home (fixed wireless access). 14.69 million customers at 30 Jun 2026.
Digital TV
Satellite (DTH) TV for homes. 16.0 million customers at 30 Jun 2026.
Towers (Indus Towers)
Rents space on telecom towers to operators. Indus had 267,611 macro (full-size) towers and 432,250 operator tenancies at 30 Jun 2026; Airtel owned 51.256% of it at the end of FY26.
Data centres (Nxtra)
Buildings that house servers for other companies. Management said in Aug 2026 that capacity is about 120–130 megawatts.
What it does
- Does: Sells mobile, broadband, TV and business connectivity plans in India
- Does: Runs mobile networks and Airtel Money in 14 African countries
- Does: Rents tower space to other operators through Indus Towers
- Does: Buys spectrum (radio frequencies) from the government at auctions
What it does not do
- Does not: It is not mainly a product seller: sale of products was ₹2,238 crore of FY26 revenue of ₹210,973 crore
- Does not: It does not own all of Indus Towers or Airtel Africa: it held 51.256% of Indus (Mar 2026) and 79.11% of Airtel Africa (Jun 2026)
- Does not: Airtel Payments Bank is not a subsidiary: it is an associate in which the group has a 69.94% ownership interest
- Does not: It does not control the Bangladesh operator Robi Axiata: it is a joint venture in which Airtel holds 28.18%
Source: Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2026); Earnings call transcript Q1 FY27 (5 Aug 2026); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR and 1 more
03 · Who pays it
Who pays Bharti Airtel?
Mobile users in India
52%
of revenue
Prepaid and postpaid customers paying for calls and data.
Mobile users in Africa
27%
of revenue
Customers of Airtel Africa for mobile plans and Airtel Money services.
Businesses
9%
of revenue
Companies buying connectivity from Airtel Business.
Other telecom operators
7%
of revenue
Operators outside the Airtel group renting space on Indus towers.
Households: broadband
4%
of revenue
Homes paying for fibre or fixed wireless internet.
Households: satellite TV
1%
of revenue
Homes paying for DTH TV.
- Mobile users in India52%
- Mobile users in Africa27%
- Businesses9%
- Other telecom operators7%
- Households: broadband4%
- Households: satellite TV1%
How spread out the customers are
Airtel sells mainly to individual users and does not report any single customer as a large share of revenue. Shares are of FY26 revenue from outside customers by business segment (₹210,973 crore).
04 · How the money flows · FY26
How does money flow through Bharti Airtel?
Money in
- Revenue from operations₹210,973 cr
- Other income₹2,817 cr
The company
Bharti Airtel
₹213,790 cr came in
Money out
- Network running costs and access charges paid to other operators₹45,292 cr
- Licence fee and spectrum charges to the government₹15,373 cr
- Employees, sales and marketing, and other costs₹30,633 cr
- Depreciation and amortisation (towers, equipment, spectrum)₹52,711 cr
- Interest, tax and one-off charges (less associates' profit)₹35,958 cr
- Profit belonging to minority shareholders of subsidiaries₹7,128 cr
- Profit to Airtel shareholders₹26,695 cr
- Customers paid ₹210,973 crore in FY26 for mobile, broadband, TV, business services and tower rent; other income added ₹2,817 crore.
- Running the network and paying other operators to carry calls cost ₹45,292 crore. Government licence and spectrum fees took ₹15,373 crore.
- Staff, marketing and other costs took ₹30,633 crore. Wear and tear on towers, equipment and spectrum took ₹52,711 crore.
- Interest (₹21,555 crore), tax (₹11,350 crore) and one-off charges (₹3,418 crore) took ₹35,958 crore, after a ₹365 crore profit share from associates.
- Of the ₹33,823 crore left, ₹7,128 crore belonged to minority shareholders of subsidiaries and ₹26,695 crore to Airtel's shareholders.
05 · Where the money goes · FY26
Where does ₹100 of Bharti Airtel's money go?
Bharti Airtel · FY26
Receipt for every ₹100
| Network running costs and access charges | ₹21.2 |
|---|---|
| Government licence and spectrum fees | ₹7.2 |
| Employees, marketing and other costs | ₹14.3 |
| Depreciation and amortisation | ₹24.7 |
| Interest, tax and one-offs | ₹16.8 |
| Minority shareholders of subsidiaries | ₹3.3 |
| Kept as profit for Airtel shareholders | ₹12.5 |
| Total | ₹100 |
Each line = amount ÷ total money in × 100. Lines may not add to exactly ₹100 because of rounding.
06 · What it needs to run
What does Bharti Airtel need to run?
Spectrum
Radio frequencies bought at government auctions; without them a mobile network cannot carry calls or data. Airtel spent ₹43,084 crore at the Aug 2022 auction and ₹6,857 crore at the June 2024 auction, CRISIL reports.
Licences from the government
Operators pay the Department of Telecommunications a licence fee and spectrum charges based on revenue: ₹15,373 crore for Airtel in FY26.
Towers, base stations and fibre
In India at 30 Jun 2026: 347,491 towers, 1.20 million mobile broadband base stations and 542,570 route km of optic fibre.
Capital to keep building
Cash spent on network and equipment was ₹46,715 crore in FY26, besides spectrum.
People
28,743 employees across the group at 30 Jun 2026.
Source: CRISIL rating rationale: long-term rating upgraded to Crisil AAA/Stable, short term A1+ reaffirmed; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2026)
07 · Why it makes money
Why does Bharti Airtel make money?
A costly network used by more paying customers: revenue grew faster than running costs
Airtel spends up front on spectrum, towers and fibre, then earns monthly from customers using that network. From FY22 to FY26 revenue rose 81% while running costs rose 55%, so operating EBITDA (revenue minus running costs, before one-offs) rose from ₹49.4 to ₹56.7 per ₹100. Part of the FY25–FY26 rise comes from adding Indus Towers. The company's own EBITDA figure is defined differently.
Operating EBITDA per ₹100 of revenue
₹49.4₹56.7
FY22 to FY26
- Buy spectrum and build towers, fibre and base stations
- Sign up mobile, home and business customers
- Earn more per customer through tariffs and costlier plans
- Revenue grows faster than running costs
- Cash from operations pays for spectrum and network upgrades
↺ Step 5 feeds back into step 1.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR
08 · Business segments · FY26
Which businesses make up Bharti Airtel?
Mobile India
52%Prepaid and postpaid mobile plans in India.
Revenue ₹110,329 cr · Operating profit ₹35,766 cr
Mobile Africa
27%Airtel Africa's mobile and Airtel Money services in 14 countries.
Revenue ₹56,431 cr · Operating profit ₹18,794 cr
Airtel Business
9%Connectivity sold to companies.
Revenue ₹18,740 cr · Operating profit ₹6,360 cr
Towers (Indus)
7%Tower rent from operators outside the group; counted in full from 19 Nov 2024.
Revenue ₹14,692 cr · Operating profit ₹11,227 cr
Homes broadband
4%Fibre and fixed wireless internet for homes.
Revenue ₹7,770 cr · Operating profit ₹1,223 cr
Digital TV
1%Satellite (DTH) TV; this segment made a loss in FY26.
Revenue ₹3,011 cr · Operating profit −₹206 cr
How the mix changed
- Mobile India
- Mobile Africa
- Airtel Business
- Towers (Indus)
- Homes broadband
- Digital TV
Revenue by segment, FY22 to FY26.
₹ crore · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR
See the numbers
09 · Where it sells · FY26
Where does Bharti Airtel sell?
- India72%
- Africa27%
- Other countries2%
10 · Competitors and what protects it
Who does Bharti Airtel compete with?
Reliance Jio (Jio Platforms)
Sells mobile, home broadband and business services in India. It had 508.43 million wireless connections in Aug 2026. Jio Platforms reported Q1 FY27 revenue from operations of ₹39,173 crore and ARPU of ₹215.6 (measured differently from Airtel's).
Vodafone Idea
NSE: IDEA
Sells mobile plans in India. It had 199.57 million wireless connections in Aug 2026, and reported Q1 FY27 revenue of ₹11,689 crore with a loss of ₹3,754 crore.
BSNL
Government-owned operator with 93.67 million wireless connections in Aug 2026.
MTN
Mobile operator in several of Airtel Africa's markets; Airtel's FY26 annual report names it on pricing in Congo and a 2025 network-sharing announcement with Airtel Africa.
What protects the business
Each strength is scored 1 (weak) to 5 (strong) for the business, with the reason. It is not a rating of the share.
- Spectrum and national network4 of 5
CRISIL describes Airtel's spectrum holdings as large and spread across bands. Its India network covered 97.4% of the population at 30 Jun 2026.
- Scale in India4 of 5
Second-largest operator by wireless connections (38.01%, Aug 2026). Airtel reports a 39.7% share of industry revenue in Q4 FY26, about 400 basis points higher than five years earlier.
- Revenue per customer3 of 5
Airtel's Q1 FY27 mobile ARPU was ₹264, against ₹215.6 at Jio and ₹177 at Vodafone Idea. Each company defines ARPU differently.
- Tower ownership3 of 5
Through its 51.256% stake in Indus Towers, Airtel controls 267,611 macro towers that other operators also rent (sharing factor 1.62, Jun 2026).
Weak spot
Government charges and dues
Licence and spectrum charges were ₹15,373 crore in FY26, ₹7.2 of every ₹100 that came in. Airtel also owed the Department of Telecommunications ₹88,713 crore in deferred spectrum and AGR payments at 31 Mar 2026.
Source: TRAI press release 125/2026: Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 Aug 2026; Reliance Industries media release Q1 FY27 incl. Jio Platforms results (peer filing); Vodafone Idea Ltd Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (peer filing) and 4 more
11 · Where growth could come from
Where could Bharti Airtel's growth come from?
In the Q1 FY27 earnings call on 5 Aug 2026, Executive Vice Chairman Gopal Vittal said the data-centre arm is "building out from the 120 to 130 megawatts, all the way to 1 gigawatt over the next few years".
Higher revenue per mobile customer
Working₹211 → ₹264 a month (Jun 2024 → Jun 2026)
Airtel revised mobile tariffs from 3 Jul 2024. India mobile ARPU rose 25.1% in the two years to Jun 2026.
Status: Working, on track against what the company said.
Postpaid customers
Working23.09 → 30.00 million (Mar 2024 → Jun 2026)
Postpaid users pay monthly bills. Management called Q1 FY27's 1.0 million postpaid additions its highest ever.
Status: Working, on track against what the company said.
Africa
WorkingRevenue ₹41,380 → ₹56,431 crore (FY25 → FY26)
Africa customers rose from 166.05 million (Mar 2025) to 189.00 million (Jun 2026). Airtel raised its Airtel Africa stake to 79.11% in Jun 2026.
Status: Working, on track against what the company said.
Home broadband
Mixed7.62 → 14.69 million homes (Mar 2024 → Jun 2026)
Customers nearly doubled, but monthly revenue per home fell from ₹577 to ₹523, and the segment result fell from ₹1,338 crore in FY25 to ₹1,223 crore in FY26.
Status: Mixed, partly on track.
Airtel Business
MixedRevenue ₹19,707 → ₹18,740 crore (FY25 → FY26)
Revenue from outside customers fell 4.9% in FY26. The company reports 12% growth in Q1 FY27 against Q1 FY26.
Status: Mixed, partly on track.
Data centres (Nxtra)
EarlyAbout 120–130 MW (Aug 2026)
Investors led by Alpha Wave Global and Carlyle agreed a US$1 billion investment in Nxtra on 30 Mar 2026. In Oct 2025 Airtel announced a partnership with Google for an AI hub and data centre in Visakhapatnam.
Status: Early, too early to judge.
Financial services (Airtel Money)
NewStarted 1 Jul 2026
Airtel Money Ltd, a non-deposit-taking non-banking financial company (NBFC) registered with the RBI on 13 Feb 2026, began commercial operations on 1 Jul 2026.
Status: New, recently announced.
Status compares progress with what the company itself said it would do: Working = on track against what the company said; Mixed = partly on track; Behind = behind the company's own plan; New = recently announced; Early = too early to judge.
Source: Earnings call transcript Q1 FY27 (5 Aug 2026); Press release: Airtel announces revised mobile tariffs from 3 Jul 2024; Quarterly Report Q1 FY26 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2025) and 8 more
12 · The numbers · Consolidated · ₹ crore
How has Bharti Airtel done?
Revenue
₹210,973 crFY26
Revenue grew every year, from ₹116,547 crore in FY22 to ₹210,973 crore in FY26; Indus Towers is counted in full only from 19 Nov 2024.
₹ crore · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements and 14 more
See the numbers
Net profit
₹26,695 crFY26
Profit to Airtel shareholders was ₹33,556 crore in FY25, lifted by one-off gains and an ₹8,573 crore tax credit, and ₹26,695 crore in FY26.
₹ crore · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements and 1 more
See the numbers
Profit kept per ₹100 of revenue
₹12.7FY26
Profit to shareholders per ₹100 of revenue was ₹3.7 in FY22, ₹5.0 in FY24, ₹19.4 in FY25 (with one-offs) and ₹12.7 in FY26.
₹ of profit per ₹100 of revenue (net margin) · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements and 1 more
See the numbers
Free cash flow
₹75,515 crFY26
Free cash flow rose from ₹27,617 crore in FY22 to ₹75,515 crore in FY26, before spectrum payments (₹21,349 crore in FY25, ₹855 crore in FY26).
₹ crore · cash from operations minus spending on plants and equipment · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements and 1 more
See the numbers
See all yearly numbers
EBITDA = profit before interest, tax and wear-and-tear of assets. Financial year runs April to March (March year end). Net profit is the share belonging to the company's owners.
13 · Financial strength · 31 Mar 2026
How much debt does Bharti Airtel have?
- Total debt₹121,671 cr
- Cash and investments₹44,078 cr
- Net debt (debt minus cash)₹77,593 cr
- Net worth (shareholders' money)₹195,963 cr
- Debt to equity
- 0.62×
- ₹ of debt for every ₹1 of shareholders' money
- Borrowings include deferred payments to the Department of Telecommunications for spectrum and AGR dues (₹88,713 crore). Lease liabilities of ₹73,740 crore are not included.
- Cash and investments = cash ₹13,722 crore + other bank balances ₹16,655 crore + current investments ₹13,701 crore.
- Net worth here is total equity, including ₹46,907 crore belonging to minority shareholders of subsidiaries; equity for Airtel shareholders was ₹149,057 crore.
- The company's own net debt, measured differently, was ₹91,049 crore without leases and ₹164,789 crore with leases at 31 Mar 2026, and ₹81,852 crore without leases at 30 Jun 2026.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Quarterly Report Q4 FY26 and year ended 31 Mar 2026; Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2026)
14 · Who owns it · Q2 FY27
Who owns Bharti Airtel?
- Promoters (founders or parent company)50.1%
- Foreign institutions (FII)25.5%
- Indian institutions (DII)21.7%
- Public and others2.8%
Promoter pledge
No promoter shares were pledged in Q2 FY27.
How ownership changed
* Pledged = share of the promoters' own holding reported as pledged. In older filings this can include shares “otherwise encumbered”; the governance flags say when.
† Others = Employee benefit trust.
Source: Shareholding pattern as of 30 Sep 2026 (XBRL); Shareholding pattern as of 30 Jun 2026 (XBRL); Shareholding pattern as of 31 Mar 2026 (XBRL) and 9 more
15 · What it does with profit
What does Bharti Airtel do with its profit?
Dividend per share
₹24.00FY26
Dividend paid for each share, by financial year.
₹ per share · Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements and 1 more
See the numbers
Money raised · 12 Jun 2026
Shareholders approved issuing 146,761,335 new shares to Indian Continent Investment at ₹1,923 each, in exchange for 16.31% of Airtel Africa. No cash was raised.
₹28,222 cr
Source: Board outcome 13 May 2026: preferential issue of up to 146,761,335 shares to ICIL against swap of 16.31% of Airtel Africa; EGM voting results and press release on Africa stake consolidation (15 Jun 2026)
16 · Who runs it
Who runs Bharti Airtel, and did they deliver?
Sunil Bharti Mittal
Chairman · since 1995
On the board since 7 Jul 1995, the year the company was incorporated.
Gopal Vittal
Executive Vice Chairman · since 2026
MD & CEO for about 13 years before this role, which began on 1 Jan 2026.
Shashwat Sharma
MD & CEO (Airtel India) · since 2026
Took over as MD & CEO on 1 Jan 2026.
Soumen Ray
Group CFO
Akhil Garg
CFO (Airtel India) · since 2026
CFO for the India business from 1 Jan 2026.
What they said, and what happened
1 delivered · 1 too early to tell
Said on 13 May 2026
Raise the stake in Airtel Africa by swapping new Airtel shares for 16.31% of Airtel Africa held by Indian Continent Investment.
DeliveredWhat happened
Shareholders approved the swap on 12 Jun 2026. Airtel's stake in Airtel Africa was 79.11% at 30 Jun 2026, after an Airtel Africa buy-back, up from 62.62% at 31 Mar 2026.
Said on 5 Aug 2026
Grow Nxtra's data-centre capacity from about 120–130 megawatts to 1 gigawatt over the next few years.
Too early to tellWhat happened
No deadline was given. Capacity was about 120–130 megawatts when this was said.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Board and management changes: Gopal Vittal Executive Vice Chairman, Shashwat Sharma MD & CEO from 1 Jan 2026; Board outcome 13 May 2026: preferential issue of up to 146,761,335 shares to ICIL against swap of 16.31% of Airtel Africa and 3 more
17 · Governance signals
What do Bharti Airtel's governance filings show?
- Auditor
- Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP
- Auditor changes
- 10 Mar 2026: Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP → S.R. Batliboi & Associates LLP (from the 32nd AGM in 2027, subject to shareholder approval) (Deloitte's second term as auditor ends at the 32nd AGM in 2027; the board approved the new auditor on 10 Mar 2026.)
- Audit qualifications
- None reported
- Related-party dealings
- Many transactions run between Airtel and companies it controls and are removed in the group accounts: in FY26 Indus Towers earned ₹18,002 crore from Airtel group companies. Transactions with the Bharti and Singtel promoter groups were not reviewed for this page.
- Credit rating
- CRISIL AAA (Stable), 17 Jul 2025
A credit rating describes the company's ability to repay debt. It is not a rating of the share.
Flags to know about
regulatory
Charges for re-assessed government levies
Airtel booked one-off charges of ₹6,359 crore in FY25 and ₹3,161 crore in FY26 for re-assessed and updated demands on regulatory and government levies.
regulatory · 24 Oct 2019
AGR dues to the government
On 24 Oct 2019 the Supreme Court upheld the Department of Telecommunications' definition of adjusted gross revenue (AGR), the base for licence fees, creating dues across the industry. Airtel's deferred spectrum and AGR liability was ₹88,713 crore at 31 Mar 2026.
regulatory · 8 Jun 2026
One-time spectrum charge demand set aside
The Department of Telecommunications had demanded a one-time spectrum charge of ₹5,201 crore, revised to ₹8,414 crore in 2018. Airtel disclosed that the Bombay High Court set the demand aside on 8 Jun 2026. The filings reviewed for this page show no appeal.
disclosure
Several definitions of the same numbers
Airtel's quarterly reports show FY24 and FY25 revenue re-cast as if Indus Towers had been consolidated all year (₹164,364 crore and ₹181,511 crore, against audited ₹149,982 crore and ₹172,985 crore). Company EBITDA and net debt are also defined differently from the audited lines used on this page.
other
Promoter stake fell, then rose
Promoter holding fell from 53.49% (Mar 2024) to 48.87% (Mar 2026) as the promoter group's share count fell from 3,234.5 million to 2,978.3 million. It rose to 50.07% in Jun 2026 when 146.76 million new shares went to Indian Continent Investment in the Airtel Africa swap.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Appointment of S.R. Batliboi & Associates LLP as statutory auditors from 32nd AGM (2027); CRISIL rating rationale: long-term rating upgraded to Crisil AAA/Stable, short term A1+ reaffirmed and 9 more
18 · What could go wrong
What could go wrong for Bharti Airtel?
- Regulation
Government charges and dues
Licence and spectrum charges took ₹7.2 of every ₹100 that came in during FY26 (₹15,373 crore). Airtel owed ₹88,713 crore in deferred spectrum and AGR payments at 31 Mar 2026, and booked ₹3,161 crore of one-off levy charges in FY26.
Watch One-off (exceptional) charges in quarterly results and any new government demands.
- Competition
Tariffs and rivals
Mobile India was 52.3% of FY26 revenue. In the Q3 FY26 call (transcript filed 13 Feb 2026) management said: "in the absence of tariff repair, we will continue to sweat ARPU". Reliance Jio had 508.43 million wireless connections in Aug 2026 to Airtel's 491.60 million.
Watch Mobile ARPU each quarter (₹264 in Q1 FY27) and TRAI's monthly connection shares.
- Currency
African currencies
Mobile Africa was 26.7% of FY26 revenue, earned in local currencies. The fall of the Nigerian naira caused a ₹5,784 crore foreign-exchange loss in FY24.
Watch Africa revenue in rupees against constant-currency growth in the quarterly reports.
- Debt
Debt and lease payments
Borrowings were ₹121,671 crore and lease liabilities ₹73,740 crore at 31 Mar 2026. Interest and finance costs were ₹21,555 crore in FY26, about ₹10 of every ₹100 that came in.
Watch Company net debt to EBITDAaL (EBITDA after lease costs): 0.69 times at 30 Jun 2026.
- Technology
Spending cycles for new technology
CRISIL notes that telecom operators face heavy spending every 8–10 years as technology changes. Airtel spent ₹43,084 crore at the Aug 2022 spectrum auction, and cash spending on network and equipment was ₹46,715 crore in FY26.
Watch Spectrum auctions and yearly capital spending.
- Other
Minority shareholders share the profit
Airtel owns 79.11% of Airtel Africa, 51.256% of Indus Towers and 70% of Bharti Hexacom. Minority shareholders took ₹7,128 crore of FY26 profit. Changes in these stakes change the profit reported for Airtel shareholders even when operations do not change.
Watch Profit to Airtel shareholders in Q2 FY27, the first full quarter at the higher Africa stake.
- Demand
Smaller businesses losing ground
Digital TV made a segment loss of ₹206 crore in FY26. Airtel Business revenue from outside customers fell 4.9%, from ₹19,707 crore to ₹18,740 crore; the documents reviewed do not explain why.
Watch Airtel Business and Digital TV segment results each quarter.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Quarterly Report Q4 FY26 and year ended 31 Mar 2026; Earnings call transcript Q3 FY26 (Feb 2026) and 5 more
19 · How it got here
How did Bharti Airtel get here?
1995
Milestone
Company incorporated
Bharti Airtel was incorporated on 7 Jul 1995, with Sunil Bharti Mittal on the board from the start.
2019
Crisis
Supreme Court AGR ruling
The court upheld the government's definition of revenue for licence fees, creating dues for all operators.
2022
Milestone
5G spectrum and launch
Airtel spent ₹43,084 crore at the Aug 2022 spectrum auction and launched 5G in FY23.
2024
Business-model change
Mobile tariffs revised
New, higher mobile tariffs took effect on 3 Jul 2024; India mobile ARPU rose from ₹211 (Jun 2024) to ₹233 (Sep 2024).
2024
Business-model change
Indus Towers becomes a subsidiary
From 19 Nov 2024 Airtel counts Indus Towers' revenue in full, adding a tower-rental business.
2025
Milestone
CEO succession announced
On 18 Dec 2025 Airtel named Shashwat Sharma MD & CEO and Gopal Vittal Executive Vice Chairman, from 1 Jan 2026.
2026
Business-model change
US$1 billion for data centres
Investors led by Alpha Wave Global and Carlyle agreed a US$1 billion investment in Nxtra on 30 Mar 2026.
2026
Business-model change
Larger stake in Airtel Africa
A share swap approved on 12 Jun 2026 raised Airtel's stake in Airtel Africa to 79.11% by 30 Jun 2026.
2026
Milestone
Airtel Money starts NBFC operations
Airtel Money Ltd, a non-deposit-taking non-banking financial company (NBFC) registered with the RBI on 13 Feb 2026, began commercial operations on 1 Jul 2026.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip); CRISIL rating rationale: long-term rating upgraded to Crisil AAA/Stable, short term A1+ reaffirmed and 7 more
20 · Both sides
What do supporters and critics point to?
What supporters point to
- Revenue rose every year from ₹116,547 crore in FY22 to ₹210,973 crore in FY26, and operating EBITDA per ₹100 of revenue rose from ₹49.4 to ₹56.7.
- India mobile ARPU rose from ₹200 (Jun 2023) to ₹264 (Jun 2026). In Q1 FY27 it was above Jio's ₹215.6 and Vodafone Idea's ₹177, though each defines ARPU differently.
- Company-defined net debt without leases fell from ₹138,509 crore (Mar 2025) to ₹81,852 crore (Jun 2026). CRISIL (Jul 2025), Moody's (Nov 2025) and S&P (Jun 2026) raised Airtel's ratings.
- Free cash flow before spectrum payments rose from ₹27,617 crore in FY22 to ₹75,515 crore in FY26.
- The dividend per fully paid share rose from ₹3 for FY22 to ₹24 for FY26.
What critics point to
- FY25 profit to shareholders of ₹33,556 crore included one-offs. The company's own net income before exceptional items was ₹17,761 crore in FY25 and ₹26,904 crore in FY26.
- Airtel owed the government ₹88,713 crore in deferred spectrum and AGR payments at 31 Mar 2026, and booked levy charges of ₹6,359 crore (FY25) and ₹3,161 crore (FY26).
- Including leases, company-defined net debt was ₹157,240 crore at 30 Jun 2026.
- Part of the FY25–FY26 revenue growth came from counting Indus Towers in full: ₹14,692 crore of FY26 revenue from outside customers.
- Airtel Business revenue fell 4.9% in FY26, Digital TV made a segment loss of ₹206 crore, and the naira's fall cost ₹5,784 crore in FY24.
21 · What to watch next
What should you watch next at Bharti Airtel?
Next event
Q2 FY27 results (board meeting on 5 Nov 2026, notified to the exchange on 26 Oct 2026)
5 Nov 2026
Date confirmed by the company
Profit after the larger Africa stake
Airtel's Airtel Africa stake rose to 79.11% in June 2026, so a larger part of Africa's profit now counts for Airtel shareholders. Q2 FY27 is the first full quarter at that stake.
Mobile ARPU and connection share
India mobile ARPU was ₹264 in Q1 FY27. TRAI's monthly data shows whether Airtel's 38.01% share of connections (Aug 2026) moves.
Debt and spending
Company net debt without leases was ₹81,852 crore at 30 Jun 2026. Check it against capital spending, which was ₹13,386 crore in Q1 FY27 on the company's basis.
22 · Key facts
Key facts about Bharti Airtel
- What does Bharti Airtel do?
- Bharti Airtel sells mobile phone and internet services in India and, through Airtel Africa, in 14 African countries. In India it also sells home broadband, DTH satellite TV and business connectivity, and it owned 51.256% of Indus Towers at the end of FY26.
- How does Bharti Airtel make money?
- Bharti Airtel makes most of its money from mobile services in India: ₹110,329 crore, or 52.3% of its FY26 revenue of ₹210,973 crore. Mobile services in Africa added ₹56,431 crore (26.7%).
- Who are Bharti Airtel's customers?
- Bharti Airtel had 482.4 million customers in India and 183.5 million in Africa at the end of FY26 (March 2026). They are mainly individual mobile, broadband and TV users; Bharti Airtel does not report any single customer as a large share of revenue.
- How big is Bharti Airtel?
- Bharti Airtel's revenue was ₹210,973 crore in FY26, up 22.0% from ₹172,985 crore in FY25. Profit for Bharti Airtel's shareholders was ₹26,695 crore in FY26, down from ₹33,556 crore in FY25, which included one-off gains.
- Who owns Bharti Airtel?
- At 30 Sep 2026 Bharti Airtel's promoter group held 50.07%: Bharti Telecom 39.51%, Pastel 7.31% and Indian Continent Investment 3.25%. Foreign portfolio investors held 25.45% and Indian institutions 21.74%. No promoter shares were pledged.
- How much does Bharti Airtel earn per mobile customer in India?
- Bharti Airtel's average revenue per mobile customer in India (ARPU) was ₹264 a month in Q1 FY27 (April–June 2026), up from ₹211 in Q1 FY25.
- What is Bharti Airtel's share of India's mobile connections?
- Bharti Airtel, including Bharti Hexacom, had 491.60 million of India's 1,293.43 million wireless connections in August 2026, a 38.01% share, according to TRAI. Reliance Jio had 508.43 million (39.31%).
- How much debt does Bharti Airtel have?
- At 31 Mar 2026 Bharti Airtel had borrowings of ₹121,671 crore, including ₹88,713 crore of deferred payments owed to the Department of Telecommunications for spectrum and AGR dues. It also had lease liabilities of ₹73,740 crore.
- What dividend did Bharti Airtel pay for FY26?
- Bharti Airtel declared a dividend of ₹24 per fully paid share for FY26, up from ₹16 for FY25 and ₹3 for FY22. Partly paid shares receive a proportionate ₹6.
Source: Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR; Earnings call transcript Q1 FY27 (5 Aug 2026); Shareholding pattern as of 30 Sep 2026 (XBRL) and 6 more
Terms on this page
- Capital expenditure (capex)
- Credit rating
- Dividend payout ratio
- EBITDA
- FII and DII holding
- Free cash flow
- Net debt
- Net profit
- Operating margin
- Promoter holding
Each explains the term in plain English, with the same number from other companies on Cityfort.
23 · Sources and changes
Where every number on this page comes from
Sources (48 documents)
- S1Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY26 (2025-26), incl. consolidated financial statements and BRSR · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 11 Jul 2026
- S2Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY25 (2024-25), incl. consolidated financial statements · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 16 Jul 2025
- S3Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY24 (2023-24), incl. consolidated financial statements · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 29 Jul 2024
- S4Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements FY23 (2022-23), incl. consolidated financial statements (zip) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 2 Aug 2023
- S5Q1 FY27 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 4 Aug 2026
- S6Q4 FY26 and FY26 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing, revised) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 May 2026
- S7Q3 FY26 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Feb 2026
- S8Q2 FY26 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 3 Nov 2025
- S9Q1 FY26 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Aug 2025
- S10Q4 FY25 and FY25 consolidated financial results (XBRL, integrated filing) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 May 2025
- S11Q3 FY25 consolidated financial results (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 6 Feb 2025
- S12Q2 FY25 consolidated financial results (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 28 Oct 2024
- S13Q1 FY25 consolidated financial results (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Aug 2024
- S14Q4 FY24 and FY24 consolidated financial results (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 14 May 2024
- S15Q3 FY24 consolidated financial results (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Feb 2024
- S16Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 4 Aug 2026
- S17Quarterly Report Q4 FY26 and year ended 31 Mar 2026 · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 May 2026
- S18Quarterly Report Q1 FY26 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2025) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Aug 2025
- S19Quarterly Report Q1 FY25 (quarter ended 30 Jun 2024) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 5 Aug 2024
- S20Q1 FY27 audited consolidated and standalone financial results with press release · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 4 Aug 2026
- S21Q4 FY26 and FY26 audited financial results, auditor declaration and press release · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 May 2026
- S22Earnings call transcript Q1 FY27 (5 Aug 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 10 Aug 2026
- S24Earnings call transcript Q3 FY26 (Feb 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 Feb 2026
- S26Shareholding pattern as of 30 Sep 2026 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 19 Oct 2026
- S27Shareholding pattern as of 30 Jun 2026 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 20 Jul 2026
- S28Shareholding pattern as of 31 Mar 2026 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 20 Apr 2026
- S29Shareholding pattern as of 31 Dec 2025 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 19 Jan 2026
- S30Shareholding pattern as of 30 Sep 2025 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 20 Oct 2025
- S31Shareholding pattern as of 30 Jun 2025 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 21 Jul 2025
- S32Shareholding pattern as of 31 Mar 2025 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 19 Apr 2025
- S33Shareholding pattern as of 31 Dec 2024 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 17 Jan 2025
- S34Shareholding pattern as of 30 Sep 2024 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 18 Oct 2024
- S35Shareholding pattern as of 30 Jun 2024 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 15 Jul 2024
- S36Shareholding pattern as of 31 Mar 2024 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 20 Apr 2024
- S37Shareholding pattern as of 31 Dec 2023 (XBRL) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 16 Jan 2024
- S38CRISIL rating rationale: long-term rating upgraded to Crisil AAA/Stable, short term A1+ reaffirmed · CRISIL Ratings · Tier 2: rating agency or regulator · 17 Jul 2025
- S42Board outcome 13 May 2026: preferential issue of up to 146,761,335 shares to ICIL against swap of 16.31% of Airtel Africa · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 13 May 2026
- S43EGM voting results and press release on Africa stake consolidation (15 Jun 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 15 Jun 2026
- S44Board and management changes: Gopal Vittal Executive Vice Chairman, Shashwat Sharma MD & CEO from 1 Jan 2026 · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 18 Dec 2025
- S45Appointment of S.R. Batliboi & Associates LLP as statutory auditors from 32nd AGM (2027) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 10 Mar 2026
- S46Update on material litigation: Bombay High Court sets aside DoT one-time spectrum charge demand (judgment 8 Jun 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 9 Jun 2026
- S47US$1 billion investment in Nxtra led by Alpha Wave Global and Carlyle (30 Mar 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 30 Mar 2026
- S49Airtel partners with Google for AI hub and data centre in Visakhapatnam (press release) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 14 Oct 2025
- S50Airtel Money Ltd commences NBFC operations (1 Jul 2026) · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 1 Jul 2026
- S51Press release: Airtel announces revised mobile tariffs from 3 Jul 2024 · NSE (company filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 28 Jun 2024
- S52TRAI press release 125/2026: Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 Aug 2026 · Telecom Regulatory Authority of India · Tier 2: rating agency or regulator · 28 Sep 2026
- S53Vodafone Idea Ltd Quarterly Report Q1 FY27 (peer filing) · NSE (Vodafone Idea filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 10 Aug 2026
- S54Reliance Industries media release Q1 FY27 incl. Jio Platforms results (peer filing) · NSE (Reliance Industries filing, nsearchives.nseindia.com) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · 17 Jul 2026
Changes to this page (v1 · 26 Oct 2026)
- v1 · 26 Oct 2026First version. (first version)
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